Том 54, № 5 (2018)

The gasification behavior of mixtures of oil residues (fuel oils) and vegetable raw materials (VRMs) (agro-industrial wastes, sunflower seed shells, corn cobs) is investigated. The effects of batch and continuous processes on the product yield and composition are studied. Preliminary mechanical activation of composite feedstock and selection of the optimal ratio of VRM—oil—water mixture components and oxygen content in the blast air were found experimentally to allow high feedstock conversion and produce syngas suitable for synthesis of organic compounds.

The dependence of the colloidal stability, effective viscosity, penetration, and yield stress of low-temperature polymeric greases on the composition and characteristics of the dispersion medium was investigated. Various types of low-viscosity oil with known fractional and group composition were used as base oils. The effect of the concentration of the two-component thickener of high- or low-molecular polypropylene and the proportions of its components on the main physicochemical characteristics of the polymer greases was determined. The dependence of the structure and properties of the polymer greases on the concentration of lithium stearate was established.

The results of experimental investigations on improving the demulsifying characteristics of inhibited turbine oils are presented. It was established that the Neftenol-BS demulsifier reduces the effectiveness of the corrosion inhibitor Neftekhimeko-1 by less than 2% whereas the demulsifying characteristics of inhibited oil are improved by 9.5 times. It was shown that an additive composition containing corrosion inhibitor Neftekhimeko-1 and alkenylsuccinic aldehyde in a ratio of 85:15 by weight is highly effective. Inhibited turbine oil containing such a composition at a concentration of 0.1 wt % had protective and demulsifying characteristics that meet the requirements in the operation of gas compressor units in media containing hydrogen sulfide.

A study was carried out on the antimicrobial activity of haloethers in M8 motor oil, which was determined by serial consecutive dilutions in sterile distilled water relative to gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), gram negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli), and fungi (Candida albicans). Meat peptone agar (MPA) with pH = 7.2 was used as the nutrient medium for the bacteria, while Sabouraud medium was used for the fungi. These compounds display bactericidal and weak fungicidal activity in M-8 motor oil and stop the growth of the microorganisms. These samples did not have a negative effect on the physicochemical indices of the motor oil and may be used as biocidal additives.

A new method for preventing gas breakthroughs to producing well bottom during oil recovery from oil-gas condensate deposits, which enhances the efficiency of gas recovery technologies, is proposed. The method consists in use of hydrophobic gas shutting compositions based on furnace (residual fuel) oil. Filtration studies (physical modeling) of the gas shutting process were conducted for the proposed compositions. The gas breakthrough was simulated using permeable bulk porous media or permeable cores of productive bed of the reservoir.

High-energy-density (HED) fuels are widely used in aerospace engines bit suffer front slow trance and incomplete combustion. A proposed solution to this problem is dissolution of a flammable small-molecule additive, a g., acetylene, in the fuel. The solubility of acetylene in HED fuels JP-10 and QC at 298.15 K and pressure from 0 to 200 kPa was studied. The molar concentration of acetylene in JP-10 and QC fuels or a pressure of 100 kPa reached 0.60 and 0.75%, respectively. Studies of the dissolution of acetylene in the presence of Et₃N and scrambled cages (1, 2, and 5 mass%) showed that such additives could increase significantly the solubility of acetylene in the fuel. The research results are of practical interest for improving the efficiency of HED fuels.

Annular pressure buildup (APB) is generated by thermal expansion of trapped fluids in the closed space of the casing string and threatens the structural safety of the casing string. In the present study a model for estimating deformation of the casing string in cemented and uncemented sections of a pipe based on the theory of elastic deformation is constructed. Calculation of a model of pressure buildup is performed by the method of multistring system analysis. The effect of deformation on pressure buildup is studied and a software application based on the technique of finite elements is used to estimate the deformation of the casing string. The investigations demonstrated that APB calculated with the inclusion of the cemented sections is less than where these sections are not taken into account. Casing deformation affects sections with different levels of the top of cement (IOC) in different ways. For the cemented sections the influence of deformation on pressure buildup is expressed more strongly. Computer verification of the model shows that the range of divergence of pressure buildup does not exceed 3%. Studies of the deformation of the casing string are of practical use in the design of casing strings and in the operation of deep-water wells.

In this study, for predicting situations that may occur when using oxy-coal combustion technology in a cement rotary kiln, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methodology was used to investigate the temperature distribution, burnout rates of coal, flame shape and release of NO _x in conditions of oxy-coal combustion with different O₂/N₂ volume ratios ranging between 21% and 31% in the primary air in the sintering zone of a rotary kiln. Simulations were performed using ANSYS-CFX, a commercial CFD package. The results revealed a significant temperature increase in the rotary kiln, and the average temperature increase value was verified experimentally. Coal particles combust more rapidly near the burner, and the final degree of burnout increases simultaneously. Increased combustion efficiency reduces fuel consumption. However, shifting the ignition point toward the burner may reduce the service time of the burner, and the shortening of the flame kernel may lead to a decrease in the calcination time of cement. The content of oxygen in the kiln rises, but the change is slight and can be ignored for cement clinker formation. The amount of NO _x, produced increases with increasing oxygen content in the primary air. The results of this study can be used to select the optimal sintering parameters for oxy-coal combustion in industrial production of cement.

Group and elemental compositions and structures of hydrocarbon dispersions in super-viscous oil resulting from steam and heat exposure at 140-190°C and 3-6 atm in the presence of hexane and benzene are established using simplified models of terrigenous and carbonate reservoirs. A relationship between the composition and structure of the oil dispersions after steam-heat action and a temperature dependence of viscosity are established. Solvate shells of increased thickness around complex structural unit nuclei and a greater proportion of dispersion medium are distinctive features of the low-viscosity displaced oil. Studies show that the dispersion medium impacts greatly the formation and properties of the oil dispersion. Benzene in the displacing agent decreases the degree of dispersion of the system and the viscosity of the displaced oil.

The physical and chemical properties of polymer-bitumen binders obtained by compounding highly oxidized bitumen and modified heavy resid polymers are listed. It is shown that heavy resids of various nature can be used as plasticizers of highly oxidized bitumen structure and be modified by thermoelastoplastics to obtain polymer-bitumen binders meeting standard requirements. The quality of polymer-bitumen binder samples is assessed by integrated quality assessment method. It is demonstrated that this method can be used to select the composition offinished products having the best values of physical and chemical parameters.

Results are presented for a study on the development of methods to remove gum, sulfur, and other impurities from diesel fuels at the site of use. The removal of dissolved impurities in diesel fuel is possible by a physicochemical method, having first enlarged these impurities using coagulants. The introduction of carbamide dissolved in water into the fuel permits a reduction in the content of gum and sulfur and an increase in the anti-wear properties of diesel fuel. The use of monoethanolamine in a mixture with isopropyl alcohol in the following step of fuel treatment increases the efficiency of the impurity removal process and further reduces the fuel sulfur and gum impurity indices.

We propose a method for fast three-dimensional reconstruction of oil refinery buildings and facilities using photography with the help of an unmanned aerial vehicle (drone) and a depth sensor for depth image classification. We propose two workflows for object reconstruction for different applications. To use the depth sensors, we have developed a method combining the Structure from Motion (SfM) method for determining the structure of an object from imaging of motion in passive vision mode and the Structural Light (LS) method or Time-of-Flight (ToF) method in active (illuminated) vision mode. With low costs, the SfM method combined with a depth sensor let us obtain images large-scale objects at high speed, where the number of calculations is significantly reduced, the efficiency of 3D reconstruction is improved, and the uncertainty in determining the object parameters is not more than a few centimeters.

There is an error in the article metadata on SpringerLink, the first author's name is incorrect. It should read P. A. Gushchin.